Unit 1: Business Organisations & Environments
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Topic Four:
Marketing

4.1 The Role of Marketing
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Marketing goods and services
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Marketing orientations
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Social marketing
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Market share and market leadership
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Marketing for NPOs
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Evolution of marketing
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Marketing and the CUEGIS concepts

4.2 Marketing Planning
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Marketing plans and the marketing mix
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Target markets and market segments
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Niche and mass marketing
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Consumer profiles
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Perception mapping
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Unique Selling Point (USP)
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Differentiation from competitors

4.3 Sales Forecasting (HL)
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Four part moving averages
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Sales trends
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seasonal, cyclical and random variation

4.4 Market Research
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Primary market research methods
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Secondary market research methods
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Ethical considerations of market research
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Quantitative vs qualitative market research
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Sampling methods
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Data collection

4.5 The Four Ps - Product
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Product life cycle
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Product extension strategies
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Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix
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Brand awareness, development, loyalty and value
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Packaging

4.5 The Four Ps -
Price
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Cost-based pricing (cost-plus pricing)
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Market-based pricing (penetration, skimming, psychological, price leadership, loss leader, price discrimination)
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Competition-based pricing (predatory, price leadership)

4.5 The Four Ps - Promotion
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Above-the-line promotion
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Below-the-line promotion
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Promotional mix
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Viral marketing
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Guerilla marketing

4.5 The Four Ps -
Place
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Distribution channels
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Intermediaries
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Supply chain management

4.6 Extended Marketing Mix (HL)
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Services based
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People
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Processes
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Physical evidence

4.7 International Marketing (HL)
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Entry into international markets
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Cultural differences
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Globalization

4.8 E-commerce
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Changing technology
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Business to business (B2B)
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Business to consumer (B2C)
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Consumer to consumer (C2C)